Methodology

Not everything weighs the same.

For the people who follow us, we say which level of evidence each piece belongs to. Strong proof we state with confidence; a hypothesis stays a hypothesis.

The evidence pyramid is the model we use to weigh a source. The higher up, the more solid the proof; the lower down, the more it is food for thought.

  1. Systematic reviews & meta-analyses

    The synthesis of many independent studies. The most solid ground: we state it with confidence.

    e.g. Cochrane

  2. Replicated peer-reviewed studies

    Controlled experiments, confirmed by more than one group. Strong evidence.

  3. Single peer-reviewed study

    Peer-reviewed, but not yet replicated. A serious lead, to take with caution.

  4. Preprints, not yet reviewed

    Research shared before peer review. Interesting, but not validated: we say so.

    arXiv (Cornell), bioRxiv

  5. Expert opinion & independent platforms

    Essays, interviews, researchers' hypotheses. Food for thought and wider reading, not settled science.

We never sell weak evidence as certainty. When a piece sits low on the pyramid we say so: it is food for thought and wider reading, not settled science.

This is how we flag it on our content:

SourceMeta-analysisSourcePreprint · arXiv · not yet reviewed

Why we do it is in the Manifesto. Read the Manifesto →

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